Snorkel equipment 101: select & prepare your snorkel set.

When purchasing a new snorkel mask, visit your nearest SCUBA retail operation and have an employee assist you in selecting the perfectly fitting mask for your snorkel set. (There really is no other way to assure your mask won’t leak due to improper size). Call first to ensure they're open and have a good selection of quality snorkel masks for your size needs (children's, adult narrow or adult wide, etc.). Sizes vary from narrow to wide faces with varying cuts and nose sizes, so it's wise not to purchase a mask without trying it on first.

Fit Test: Perform a fit test by placing the mask in the correct position against your face (look at photos) without using the straps. Look for any gaps between the mask skirt and the skin. Ensure that the mask skirt reaches to the temple behind each eye. Then, gently press the mask against your face and inhale through your nose. The mask should create a seal without any air leakage. If you see any gaps under the seal, the skirt doesn't reach both temples, or doesn't suction to the face when inhaling, try a different size or model that fits your face better.

Strap Adjustment: Adjust the straps to achieve a comfortable and secure fit. The mask should sit snugly on your face without feeling too tight or uncomfortable. (Use the tips for hair preparation on our Guest Info page to prevent mask slippage).

Got an awesome new snorkel mask? Woot! Let the fun begin. But follow these steps first to ensure your mask performs perfectly in the water: 

Inspect your new mask: Be sure to examine it for any visible defects, cracks, or damage. If you notice any issues, do not use the mask and return it or contact the manufacturer for warranty issues. Check the Straps: Ensure that all straps are securely attached to the mask. Check for any loose threads or signs of wear that may affect the mask's stability during use.

Prepare your new mask: Rinse your new mask well with fresh water, including the lens and silicone skirt. This step helps remove any dust, debris, or residue from the manufacturing process. Follow this up with a good scrub of the lenses to prepare them for first use. 

What? Scrub out the mask lenses? Yes, if you read the manufacturer's statements, they likely explain that they've left a residue on the inside of the lenses that will cause your mask to fog incessantly. Scrubbing out the film on snorkel masks with toothpaste is a common method to remove the manufacturing residue and prepare the lens for snorkeling. The toothpaste method is preferable over the lighter method using a flame to remove the film, which voids any warranty and potentially damages the mask seal. 

Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the toothpaste process (follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your mask):

1. Choose the Right Toothpaste: Use a non-abrasive toothpaste without added gels, whitening agents, or microbeads. These additives may scratch the mask’s lens, so a basic, non-gel toothpaste is best.
2. Rinse the Mask: Before applying the toothpaste, rinse the snorkel mask with fresh water to remove any dust or debris.
3. Apply Toothpaste: Squeeze a small amount of toothpaste (about the size of a pea) onto the lens of the snorkel mask.
4. Spread the Toothpaste: Use your fingers or a soft, clean cloth to spread the toothpaste evenly across the entire lens surface. Ensure that the entire lens is covered with a thin layer of toothpaste.
5. Scrub Gently: Using your fingers or the soft cloth, gently scrub the toothpaste on the lens in small, circular motions. Be careful not to press too hard or use abrasive materials that could scratch the lens.
6. Rinse Thoroughly: Once you’ve scrubbed the lens, thoroughly rinse the snorkel mask with fresh water to remove the toothpaste. Make sure no toothpaste residue remains on the mask.
7. Check for Clarity: After rinsing, inspect the lens for any remaining residue. If you notice any film or residue, you may need to repeat the process until the lens is clear.
8. Dry the Mask: Pat the mask dry with a soft, clean towel or allow it to air dry. Avoid using rough materials that could scratch the lens.
9. Anti-Fog Treatment (if applicable): If your snorkel mask comes with an anti-fog coating, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for applying or reapplying it after cleaning.
10. Remember, the toothpaste method is best suited for removing the film left from the manufacturing process. It may not be as effective for removing scratches or stubborn stains from the lens. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and take proper care of your snorkel mask to ensure a clear and enjoyable snorkeling experience.

Snorkel Attachment: If the snorkel is not already attached to the mask, align the mouthpiece with the snorkel tube and attach it securely according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Safety Precautions: Review any safety guidelines or warnings provided by the manufacturer. Familiarize yourself with how to clear water from the mask, equalize pressure, and use the snorkel effectively.

After Use: After each use, rinse the snorkel mask thoroughly with fresh water to remove saltwater, sand, and debris. Let it air dry in a cool, shaded area, and store it in a protective case or bag to prevent damage.

It's crucial to follow the manufacturer's specific instructions for your mask model to ensure safe and proper use. If you have any doubts or questions about preparing the mask, refer to the user manual or contact the manufacturer directly for guidance.

Coming to Puerto Rico? Learn to Snorkel with Fish and Turtles at the start of your trip.  

Check out these practical considerations for selecting and purchasing a snorkel for your snorkel set (wet vs. dry). Be sure to buy appropriately sized snorkels to avoid breathing through dead air space. 

Snorkeling with children in Puerto Rico? Avoid the dangers of carbon dioxide sickness or poisoning for children on our post, Snorkeling for Families with Children in Puerto Rico and Are Full-Face Snorkel Masks Dangerous? by Dr. Timothy Connor. 

Wet (Traditional) Snorkel: A wet snorkel is a traditional design that allows water to enter the snorkel tube when you submerge, requiring you to clear the water by forcefully exhaling through the snorkel. It is generally more affordable and suitable for casual snorkeling in calm waters. At Adventure Mermaid, we do not recommend traditional snorkels for beginners, but unfortunately, SCUBA operations typically only rent traditional wet snorkels.

Dry Snorkel: A dry snorkel features a special valve or mechanism at the top of the snorkel tube that prevents water from entering when submerged. It offers a more comfortable and hassle-free experience, especially in choppy waters or when diving below the surface. Dry snorkels are recommended for beginner  snorkelers or those who prefer a drier breathing experience.

Comparison of types of snorkel attachments and keepers:

Snorkel Clip Type: A snorkel clip is a basic plastic clip that attaches the snorkel to your mask strap. It is simple to use and allows for easy removal of the snorkel when needed. 

Quick-Release Keeper Type: A quick-release keeper has a mechanism that allows you to attach and detach the snorkel quickly and easily from the mask strap.

3. Rubber Keeper Type: A stretchy, flexible double loop that holds the snorkel in place on the side of the mask, providing a secure attachment.

Step-by-step instructions for using a dry snorkel:

1. Attach the Snorkel: If using a snorkel clip, slide the snorkel's lower end into the clip and secure it by snapping it closed. If using a quick-release keeper, follow the manufacturer's instructions to securely attach the snorkel to the face and mask strap. The snorkel typically attaches on the left side of the mask strap. 

2. Loosen the mask strap; place the Mask to the face; hold with one hand, and use the free hand to slide strap behind the head. This method will prevent damage to the mask clips or strap. Once in correct position, adjust the strap for a comfortable fit by gently pulling the strap ends through the clip from each side towards the back of the head. Ensure that the mask is positioned correctly and forms a good seal against your face.

3. Position the Snorkel: With the snorkel attached to the mask, position the snorkel tube over your dominant side (usually the left side) so that it aligns with your mouth.

4.Breathing Technique: To use the dry snorkel, breathe long, relaxed breaths to ensure fresh air in the tube while floating face-down in the water. The dry valve at the top of the snorkel should prevent water from entering the tube, and many come with a drain valve that assists new snorkelers with clearing.

5. Submerging: If you want or need to dive underwater, take a nice long breath and hold it before duck diving below. When resurfacing, forcefully exhale to clear any water before breathing. The dry valve should automatically seal again to prevent water from entering. (Be sure to equalize your ears and be aware of boat traffic when duck diving. Use the buddy system to prevent injury.)

6. Exiting the Water: Maintain the snorkel in the mouth until safely out of water. After, rinse, allow to dry, and store the mask and snorkel in a safe place for next time.

Remember to always check the snorkel's valve and any attachments before each use to ensure they are working correctly. Additionally, practice proper snorkeling safety and breathing techniques to make the most of your snorkeling experience.

Coming to Puerto Rico? Learn to Snorkel with Fish and Turtles at the start of your trip.  

Choosing your Snorkeling Fins

Snorkel fins come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and SCUBA fins work as well. As a general rule, the bigger the fin, the bigger the power. But you can't give heavy fins to a small child or to anyone with leg problems or severe spinal problems.

Instead, opt for a travel pair of lightweight snorkel fins for your snorkel set that work well for children or for yourself, that  fit easily into checked baggage. (Use webbed gloves instead if leg strength or mobility is limited or nonexistent.) Or truthfully, renting snorkel fins can be very practical.  And of course, in tranquil water, it’s possible to go without. 

Here's a few tips for choosing a good pair of snorkel fins:

Fit: Choose fins that fit snugly but comfortably. They should not be too tight to cause discomfort or too loose to slip off during use.

Consider the blade size and material based on fitness level and snorkeling style. Smaller blades are more suitable for casual snorkeling, while larger blades provide more power for longer swims and SCUBA diving. 

Foot Pocket: Look for fins with a comfortable foot pocket that accommodates foot size and shape. A soft, flexible material in the foot pocket can reduce chafing and blisters.

Fin Type: Decide between full-foot fins that are worn barefoot or open-heel fins with adjustable straps, suitable for wearing with neoprene booties or in various water conditions.

Weight and Portability: If planning to travel with snorkeling gear, consider lightweight and compact fins for easy packing.

Step-by-step instructions for putting on snorkel fins with back straps:

1. Use the most practical method of putting on fins according to water conditions and accessibility (See Tips for entry techniques next). 

2. Slide the  foot into the foot pocket of the fin, ensuring the heel rests against the back of the foot pocket.

3. If the fin has an adjustable strap, pull it over the back of the heel and adjust it for a snug fit.

4. If the fin has quick-release buckles, secure them to keep the strap in place and prevent it from slipping off during use.

5. Repeat the process for the other foot.

Tips for entry techniques: 

1. Boat Entry: When entering the water from a boat, sit on the edge, put mask on, snorkel in the mouth, then put on the fins. Ask for assistance, and either jump or slide into the water feet-first. Be mindful of others around you and look down to ensure a clear and safe entry.

2. Shore Entry: Put mask on, snorkel in the mouth if rough water, and walk into the water until it is deep enough to swim comfortably, then sit downwards and look under the water to put on the fins. Be careful to keep fins clear of the bottom to avoid damaging them or disturbing the marine life.

Remember, avoid walking in fins at any time: Always avoid walking in fins on rough or uneven surfaces as it can lead to tripping or damaging the fins. Instead, walk in shallow water or remove the fins and carry them until you're ready to snorkel.

Tips on different styles of finning techniques:

1. Flutter Kick: The most common and energy-efficient kick, involving smooth, alternating up and down movements of the legs.

2. Frog Kick: Useful for maintaining

 stability and maneuvering in tight spaces, involves moving both legs simultaneously in an outward and then inward motion like a frog.

3. Modified Flutter Kick: When snorkeling near coral reefs, use shorter flutter kicks or alternate with gentle scissor kicks to avoid damaging the delicate marine environment.

4. Dolphin Kick: Ideal for free diving or diving down to explore underwater, involves keeping your legs together and moving them up and down in a dolphin-like motion.

Remember to practice different finning techniques and choose the one that suits your snorkeling style and conserves your energy for longer and more enjoyable snorkeling experiences.

Coming to Puerto Rico? Learn to Snorkel with Fish and Turtles at the start of your trip.  

When purchasing a life vest, consider fit and size, material, type, and visibility. 

Buoyancy (Lift): Choose a life vest with adequate buoyancy to keep you afloat comfortably without feeling too restricted or weighed down. Look at the tag check how much weight it lifts. Be sure to buy appropriate vests made specifically for children and according to their weight. 

Note: Thin and muscular people especially need buoyancy aids because they are negatively buoyant "sinkers," but skilled snorkelers often learn to compensate with advanced techniques or may choose to use a wetsuit as a buoyancy aid instead. Always use life vests for friends and family when snorkeling without a professional guide. 

Fit and Size: Ensure the life vest fits snugly but comfortably around your body. Look for adjustable straps and closures to achieve a secure fit.

Material: Opt for a life vest made from durable, high-quality materials that can withstand exposure to water and sunlight without deteriorating quickly.

Type: There are different types of life vests, such as inflatable, foam-filled, or hybrid models. Consider your swimming ability, snorkeling location, and personal preference when selecting the type of life vest.

Visibility: Look for a life vest with bright colors or reflective strips to enhance your visibility in the water, especially if snorkeling in open or busy areas.

Live vest versus wet suit? Skilled snorkelers may opt to use wetsuits as floatation aids. 

Life Vests: Life vests provide buoyancy and floatation, keeping the wearer afloat without requiring any swimming effort. They are easy to put on and take off, making them suitable for all skill levels. They are ideal for individuals who may feel less confident in the water, beginners, or those who want extra safety assurance during snorkeling.

Wet Suits: Wet suits do not provide inherent buoyancy like life vests, but they offer thermal insulation and can make lean snorkelers more buoyant by trapping a thin layer of water between the body and the suit. While wet suits can provide some floatation, they may not be as effective as life vests for those who need significant buoyancy support. Expert snorkelers and divers may appreciate the added lift without too much size that hinders the ability to dive below. 

Ultimately, the choice between a life vest and a wet suit as an alternative for buoyancy during snorkeling depends on individual preferences, swimming ability, and the intended purpose. If the primary goal is to stay afloat and feel more secure in the water, a life vest is a better option. On the other hand, if the main concern is maintaining body temperature and some additional floatation, a wet suit might be more suitable. 

Always prioritize safety and comfort when making equipment decisions.

Coming to Puerto Rico? Learn to Snorkel with Fish and Turtles at the start of your trip.